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FAQs about Anthrax
- What is anthrax?
- Anthrax, a bacterial disease that can infect all warm-blooded animals including man, is caused by Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is most common in agricultural regions of the world where anthrax in animals occurs, such as South and Central America, Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa.
- Why has anthrax become a current topic?
- Anthrax is considered to be a potential agent for use in biological warfare. The Department of Defense has started a mandatory vaccination of all active duty military personnel who might be involved in a conflict. In a bioterrorist attack, inhalation is the most likely route.
- Who gets anthrax?
- Anthrax is primarily an occupational disease. It is occasionally identified in persons who are exposed to dead animals, or animal products such as wool and hair.
- How is anthrax spread?
- The anthrax bacteria can live in the soil for many years. A person may become infected with anthrax by inhaling contaminated soil particles, or by handling wool or hair from diseased animals. Infection of the intestinal tract can occur by eating undercooked meat from diseased animals. It is rare to find infected animals in the United States.
- What are the symptoms of anthrax?
- The symptoms vary depending upon the type of exposure. With skin exposure, a boil-like lesion appears which eventually forms an ulcer, with a black center. A swelling of the lymph glands under the arm may occur. With respiratory exposure, initial symptoms may resemble the common cold. After several days, the symptoms may progress to severe breathing difficulty and shock.
- How soon after infection do symptoms appear?
- The incubation period is usually within seven days, and most cases occur within 48 hours. (range is up to 43 days)
- Can anthrax be spread from person-to-person?
- Direct person-to-person spread of anthrax is unlikely to occur. An infected person does not have to be excluded from work or school.
- How is anthrax diagnosed?
- Anthrax is diagnosed by isolating the bacteria from blood, skin lesions, or respiratory secretions.
- What is the treatment for anthrax?
- Penicillin is the drug of choice, but tetracycline, ciprofloxacin or doxycycline may also be prescribed. The disease can be fatal if untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential.
- How can anthrax be prevented?
- Anthrax vaccine is available for humans in high-risk occupation.
